M0004: Arapacana Mantra |
☆☆☆☆☆ Chant, for Wisdom |
[[Title_alias]] |
文殊菩萨心咒, 文殊菩萨五字真言, Manjushri Mantra, Arapacana Mantra, Vagishvara Mantra |
[[Keywords]] |
Arapacana, Manjushri, Manjughosha, Vagishvara, 五字真言, 文殊师利, 文殊菩萨, 般若, Prajna, Wisdom |
[[Content_list]] |
• “文殊菩萨” 五字真言详解 |
• “文殊菩萨” 的简介与功德 |
• “文殊菩萨” 五字真言音频 |
[[Mantra_iast]] |
[ Arapacana: ] oṃ a ra pa ca na dhīḥ ||1|| |
[ Vagishvara: ] oṃ vagīśvara muḥ ||2|| |
[[Mantra_txt]] |
Om A Ra Pa Ca Na Dhihi. ||1|| |
Om Vagishvara Muh. ||2|| |
[[Mantra_tib]] | |
oṃ a ra pa tsa na dhīḥ ||1|| | |
oṃ va gī śva ri muṃ ||2|| |
[[Glossary]] |
* Bīja(种子字): “dhīḥ”(Dhih,代表“般若智慧”)。 |
** 发音要点: 1)“A” 是短元音,发音短促,不要像 “Ah/āḥ”(长元音+送气化)那样拉长发音;念得快的时候,“A” 可以与前面的 “Om” 连在一起,念成 “Om-ma”。 |
2)“Ca” 这个音,一般情况下,梵语中 “c”通常与 “ch”发音相同,如:cit = chit、cala = chala、cakra = chakra,但这里不是梵语字母,“Ca” 发音应该是 “Tsa”(类似汉语中的“擦”),像藏语唱诵中念成“扎” (Dza) 是不准确的。 |
3)种子字 “dhīḥ”,最难的就是这个词的发音。“dh” 是送气化发音的辅音,“ī” 是长元音,合在一起,“dhī” 发音类似“低——”,声音拉长,同时还要送气(声音变得更低沉);而 “ī”后面还加了 “ḥ”,表示元音 “ī”也要变成送气化发音,所谓“元音的送气化发音”,实际上就是轻声重复一遍前面的元音,就像前面的元音的“回音”一样,所以这个 “ḥ”又被称为“回音字母”。因此,“dhīḥ” 整个词发音就类似 “低——衣——”,同时还要送气化。其简化词 “Dhihi” 就是这么来的,但后面的 “h”不要发出声来。 |
[[Meaning_en]] |
—— Amidst the chaos, everything is pure by nature. The pinnacle of spiritual success is to achieve enlightenment. This depends on recognition of our potential. The mantra confirms that each of us has the capacity to replace ignorance with wisdom. |
The syllables between Om and the concluding Dhīḥ are the first syllables of a syllabary called the Arapacana Mantra. The individual syllables A RA PA CA and NA have no conceptual meaning, although they are seen as having symbolic connections with various spiritual qualities. One source of the alphabet is the "Pañcaviṃśatisāhasrikā Prajñāpāramita Sutra" (大般若经), The Perfection of Wisdom in 25,000 lines. |
Each letter of this mystical Gāndhārī alphabet is associated with some point of the Dharma, and all together are referred to as the syllable-doors (音节法门). The 'power' of these syllables is somewhat cryptically explained, but the point is that all of the reflections are pointing towards the nature of "śunyata" (空性). |
* A — leads to the insight that the essence of all things (dharmas) is unproduced from the very beginning (ādya-anutpannatvād); * RA — leads to the insight that all things (dharmas) are pure and without dirt (rajas); * PA — leads to the insight that all dharmas have been expounded in the ultimate sense (paramārtha); * CA — leads to the insight that the decrease (cyavana) or rebirth of any things (dharmas) cannot be apprehended, because in reality all dharmas do not decrease, nor are they reborn; * NA — leads to the insight that although the names [i.e. nāma] for things (dharmas) change, the nature behind their names cannot be gained or lost. |
These are all important concepts in the Perfection of Wisdom (Prajña), although to say they are concepts is a bit limiting — really they’re attempts to describe the indescribable nature of reality. |
* Dhīḥ — meaning: thought, (especially) religious thought, reflection, meditation, devotion, prayer; understanding, intelligence, wisdom. The seed syllable“dhīḥ”, refers to the perfect wisdom which Manjushri shares with "Prajñāpāramitā" (般若波罗蜜多). |
[[Meaning_cn]] |
✩【 下面重点解读第(1)个咒语:】 |
—— 在世界的一片喧嚣之中,任何事物的本质都是纯洁的。精神成就的顶峰是达到觉悟,这取决于对我们潜力的认识。这句咒语强调了我们每个人都有能力用智慧取代无知。 |
• 益处: 据国外报道,每天念诵文殊菩萨的这个咒语(练习 20-30分钟),可以显著增进人们的“认知能力”,因此它对于学习压力很大的学生群体非常有益。同样,对于老年人,念诵这个咒语也是非常与好处的,不仅有助于预防“老年痴呆”,还能延缓神经系统和认知方面的衰老和退化(如健忘、迟钝、麻木等等)。 |
• 详解: 这个咒语是文殊菩萨最重要的咒语,因为其在 “Oṃ” 和 “Dhīḥ” 之间的五个音节,又被称为 “Arapacana Mantra”(五字真言)。这五个音节本身并没有明确的意义(甚至不是梵语字母,可能是 “Gāndhārī” 字母),它们实际上是《大般若经》开头的几个音节(字母)。每一个音节或字母都与佛法 (Dharma) 的某个点相关联,所有的音节连在一起被认是“音节法门”。这些音节的“力量”在某种程度上是种神秘的解释,但重点是,所有的表达和涵义都指向“空性”的本质 (the nature of shunyata)。 |
* A — 应领悟到所有事物(法)的本质从一开始就没有产生 (ādya-anutpannatvād); * RA — 应领悟到所有的事物(法)都是纯净的、无垢的 (rajas); * PA — 应领悟到所有法 (dharma) 都是在终极意义上被阐述的 (paramārtha); * CA — 应领悟到所有事物(法)的增减 (cyavana) 或重生是不可获知的,因为所有法 (dharma) 在本质上是不增不减的,也是不能重生的; * NA — 应领悟到尽管所有事物(法)的名字 (nāma) 在变化,但名字背后的本质是无法获得或失去的。 |
以上几点都是“般若智慧” (Prajña) 的重要概念,其实说它们是“概念”是不准确的(“般若”里面不需要“概念”)。实际上,这五个音节或字母试图描述语言所无法描述的现实本质(真如实相)。 |
* Dhīḥ — 意思是:思想,(特别是) 宗教思想,思考,冥想,虔敬,祈祷;领悟,智力,智慧。这个种子字就代表了文殊菩萨的“完美智慧”,即“般若” (Prajña)。 |
✩【 对于第(2)个咒语:】 |
这个咒语,是用来赞美“文殊菩萨”的神圣地位。因为他拥有完美的智慧(般若),因此,他的言语和教诲也是最完美的。“Vagīśvara/Vagishvara” 是“文殊菩萨”的另一个名字,意思是“言语之王” (Lord of Speech)。由于所有的曼陀罗(咒语)都是言语,因此他也是“曼陀罗之王” (Lord of Mantra)。(注:在藏语咒语中,习惯性将 “īśvara” 拼读为 “īśvari”,严格来讲是不准确的。) |
<<< 回到顶部 <<< |
![]() ![]() |
[[Comment_en]] | |
• Mañjuśrī & Mañjughoṣa(文殊师利菩萨) | |
In Sanskrit "mañju" means: "beautiful, lovely, charming, pleasent, sweet"; while "ghoṣa" means "voice", while "śrī" has a range of meanings taking in "light, lustre, radiance; properity, welfare, good fortune, success, auspciousness; high rank, royalty". So "Mañjughoṣa" can mean Beautiful Speech, and "Mañjuśrī" might be translated as Lovely Prince, or Beautiful Radiance, etc. | |
The emblems of both figures are the flaming sword in the right hand, and the book in the left. Sometimes these are perched upon lotuses which are held in the relevant hand. Sometimes the book is held to the heart and sometimes out to the side. The book is the "Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramita Sutra" (般若经) - the Perfection of Wisdom in 8000 lines. | |
He is sometimes known as Arapacana Mañjuśrī after his mantra. Manjushri is a Bodhisattva who represents wisdom, and his mantra also symbolizes that quality. He holds a sword in his right hand — symbolizing his ability to cut through delusion. In his left hand, by his heart, he holds the stem of a lotus flower, which bears a book — the Perfection of Wisdom teaching, or Prajñaparamita. | |
• Vagīśvara(言语、曼陀罗之王) | |
Mañjuśrī is sometimes known as "Vagīśvara" — an epithet that is also borne by Shiva, and by Indra before him. “Vak” is speech in Sanskrit. In Vedic texts “Vak” is treated as a Goddess in her own right. Vagīśvara combines “Vak” and “īśvara” and means Lord of Speech. Since it is “Vak” or speech that forms the basis of mantra, to be the Lord of Speech is to be Lord of Mantra. | |
• More Explains: | |
Possessing six syllables, by nature releasing one from the six unfortunate rebirths, equal to incomparable, inconceivably great power. Releasing one from the binding fetters of existence, the tumultuous ocean of every form of existence, the pain of the three sufferings. | |
Unbearable for all demons, an anointment for the entire world. Invincible against all demons, completely purifying the path of becoming. | |
Establishing the teachings of the buddhas, hindering all obstacles, applauded by all buddhas, accomplishing every kind of good fortune. Superior among all mantras in the teaching of Mañjughoṣa. | |
Which mantra is that? It is oṃ vākyeda namaḥ. | |
—— Above verses are taken from chapter 29 of the Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa as translated by Glenn Wallis in “om vakya da namah: Manjusri’s mantra and its Use in Historical Perspective,” in As Long As Space Endures: Essays on the Kalachakra Tantra in Honor of H.H. the Dalai Lama, (Ithaca: Snow Lion Publications, forthcoming). |
[[Comment_cn]] |
“文殊菩萨” (Manjushri Bodhisattva) 对于中国人来讲,是位非常重要的菩萨,他就代表了“最完美的智慧”,即“般若” (Prajña),几乎所有的般若类经书都是借他之名而写成的。 |
“文殊菩萨”的梵文名是 “Mañjuśrī”(文殊师利),“Mañju /文殊” 有“美丽的、可爱的、有魅力的、令人愉悦的” 等之意,“Śrī /师利” 则有“光明、光辉、财富、福祉、好运、吉祥、尊贵、高贵”之意。在梵语中,“Śrī” 本身就作为对地位崇高者的尊称。“文殊菩萨”又名 “Mañjughoṣa”,意为“美丽的言语”,可理解为“有智慧的言教、教诲” 等等。 |
“文殊菩萨”还有个别名是 “Vagīśvara”,该名字由梵语词根 “Vak”(speech,言语、声音,与英文单词 “voice” 同源),加上 “īśvara”(Lord,主、王)组成,合起来意为“言语之王” (Lord of Speech)。由于所有的曼陀罗(咒语)都是言语,因此,“文殊菩萨”也就是“曼陀罗之王” (Lord of Mantra)。 |
文殊菩萨(文殊师利菩萨)代表智慧,他的咒语也是如此。他右手持一把燃烧着的利剑,象征着能斩断无明和妄念;左手持一朵莲花,上面有一本书,这代表他传授最完美的般若智慧,帮助救度众生,即象征着“智慧度”——“般若波罗蜜多” (Prajñāpāramitā)。 |
<<< 回到顶部 <<< |
[[Related_songs]] | |
1)《Mantra of Manjushri》(藏音)
🔊音頻試聽 ——Margot Reisinger / “Buddha within Yourself” | |
Om A Ra Pa Tsa Na Dhihi. | |
2)《Wisdom》(藏音) ——Deva Premal / “Tibetan Mantras for Turbulent Times” | |
Om A Ra Pa Tsa Na Dhi Dhi Dhi ... | |
3)《Manjushri》(藏音, 欣赏版) ——Anael & Bradfield / “Buddha Spirit 2” | |
4)《文殊菩萨真言(梵)》 ——黄慧音 / “文殊菩萨的智慧” | |
namaḥ samanta buddhānām he he kumāraka vimukti | pathasthita smara smara pratijñā svāhā || |
[[Appendix]] | |
• 文殊菩萨与四大菩萨 | |
神名:大智文殊菩萨 别名:文殊师利菩萨、曼殊室利菩萨、妙吉祥菩萨、法王子 职能:代表大智(理性),智慧、辩才第一,释迦牟尼佛左胁侍菩萨 坐骑:青狮 持物:左手持莲花,右手握智慧之剑 道场:山西五台山 诞辰纪念日:农历四月初四 出家纪念日:农历十月二十日 成道纪念日:农历腊月二十二 | |
“菩萨”,是梵文“菩提萨埵”的简称。“菩提”,觉、智、道之意;“萨埵”,众生、有情之意。菩萨的意思是大士,即是指发大愿心的人。菩萨是立誓“以智上求佛道,以悲下化众生。不为自己求安乐,但愿众生得离苦”的救世慈悲者。菩萨的主要职责是协助佛一起教化众生,传播佛法,普渡众生,而菩萨最终是可以修行成佛的。 | |
“智、悲、行、愿”是大乘佛教“四大菩萨”之象征,“文殊菩萨”代表“智慧”、“观音菩萨“代表”慈悲“、”普贤菩萨“代表”行践“、”地藏菩萨“代表”愿力“。“四大菩萨”造就了“四大道场”:山西五台山的文殊道场,浙江普陀山的观音道场,四川峨嵋山的普贤道场,安徽九华山的地藏道场,合称为“佛教四大名山”,而且从明代起就有了“金五台、银普陀、铜峨眉、铁九华”的说法。 | |
“四大菩萨”排名第一的就是——文殊菩萨。文殊菩萨,全称“文殊师利”,又作“曼殊室利”,意为“妙德、吉祥”。文殊菩萨智慧、辩才第一,代表大智(理性),被称为“大智文殊菩萨”,文殊菩萨的道场就是山西五台山。五台山以其建寺历史之悠久、规模之宏大,而居于“佛教四大名山”之首——故有“金五台”之称。同时,五台山与尼泊尔蓝毗尼园、印度鹿野苑、印度菩提伽耶、印度拘尸那迦并称为“世界五大佛教圣地”,其超然地位也配得上“金五台”的称号。 | |
据《文殊师利般涅槃经》所记载:文殊菩萨是“舍卫国-多罗聚落-梵德婆罗门”之子。他后来去找仙人寻求出家之法,却没有人能够传授,于是皈依了佛教。文殊菩萨出家学道,住首楞严三昧,行稀有难事,佛涅槃后,四万五千岁时到了雪山,为五百仙宣畅演说十二部经,后来回到了本生地,在尼拘楼陀树下入涅槃。 | |
《宝藏陀罗尼经》中佛告金刚密迹主云:“我灭度后,于南瞻部洲东北方,有国名文震旦,其中有山名曰五顶,文殊童子,游行居住,为诸众生,于中说法。”又《华严经》云:“东北方有菩萨住处,名清凉山,过去诸菩萨常于中住。彼现有菩萨名文殊师利,有一万菩萨眷属,常为说法。”此清凉山、五顶山即我国山西五台山,也就是文殊道场的由来。 | |
依照佛教典籍,文殊菩萨是过去世无量诸佛的老师,曾经引导无数的修行者证得佛果。在《放钵经》中,佛陀也说:“今我得以成佛,都是文殊菩萨的恩德!过去无数诸佛,也都是文殊师利弟子,未来当成佛者,也都是文殊菩萨威神力所致。” | |
在大乘佛教中,文殊菩萨有很高的地位。他是众菩萨之首,被认为是如来“法王”之子,因此常称为“法王子”。他是智慧的化身,经常协同释迦宣讲大乘佛法玄理。文殊菩萨与普贤菩萨同为释迦牟尼佛左右胁侍,这三位世称“华严三圣”。 | |
文殊菩萨以大智慧为本愿,经中云:“摄心为戒,由戒生定,由定生慧”。而文殊菩萨以净行法门做为摄心的法门,文殊菩萨教导人们要有无私念头,把将大众的利益放在第一,自身清净不染而利人,才能入三昧大智正定。 | |
单尊的文殊菩萨像在五台山各寺庙中则供奉较多。文殊的形象,有种种差别,面相常以两种出现,一种为猛相,多首多臂,旨在降服怨敌,消灭烦恼,但胸怀慈悲,属于密宗造像;另一种为静相,结发戴冠,面目慈祥,属于显宗造像。按其顶髻的形状,文殊菩萨可分为一髻文殊,五髻文殊,八髻文殊等。密宗则依据真言陀罗尼(咒)的字数,分为一字文殊、五字文殊、六字文殊、八字文殊等。 | |
文殊菩萨以五字五髻文殊为本体,最为常见,通常为头戴五髻宝冠的童子形象。童子比喻天真纯洁,五髻表示内证五智(法界体性智、大圆镜智、平等性智、妙观察智、成所作智)及五方佛(东方阿閦佛、西方阿弥陀佛、南方宝生佛、北方不空成就佛、中央毗卢遮那佛)。 | |
文殊菩萨左手持莲花,右手执宝剑,以金刚宝剑能斩群魔,比喻大智慧好像一把锋利的宝剑,能断一切无明烦恼。他身坐白莲台,表示清净。大部分文殊菩萨像都是身骑青狮,以狮子勇猛,威风震慑魔怨,表示菩萨智慧威猛。 | |
文殊菩萨分管智慧,在民间,人们要想学业和事业有成就,就纷纷求文殊菩萨保佑。每年的高考前后,都有大批的家长带着孩子去五台山烧香拜文殊菩萨,目的就是希望保佑孩子金榜题名,说起来,这也是文殊菩萨最贴近普通百姓的一面了。 | |
【 ** 附录链接:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/lBw-P1VxaRdtetlSNn1a3A 】 | |
<<< 回到顶部 <<< |