常识:如何持诵梵语咒语?
—— 持诵梵语咒语的要点及功效
-  在印度瑜伽传统中,
   声音属于空元素,
   声音可渗透于各大元素,
   声音具有能量和力量。
-  瑜伽中最基本的疗法,
   可以是曼陀罗 Mantra 疗法。
-  Mantra 的意思是,
   从头脑中去除障碍,
   把我们从心意中救度出来,
   或者摆脱心意的束缚,
   获得彻底的自由。
-  念诵曼陀罗 Mantra,
   可以净化我们的因果身,
   是奉爱瑜伽 (Bakti Yoga) 的根本方法。
•  MANTRA: means finding
your inner sound, your inner rhythm, your inner vibration.
Once you have found your mantra, it is of tremendous help:
Just one utterance of the mantra
and you are in a totally different world.
That becomes the key, the passage,
because once uttering that mantra,
you fall into your natural vibe.
— OSHO

•  Mantras are a spiritual technology that inherently possesses the power to entrain and in doing so a facilitate healing of mind and body.   — Russill Paul
——咒语是一种精神修行术,具有一种天然的、内在的携带力和控制力,可以藉此疗愈身心。所谓 “the power to entrain”,意为“夹带力、控制力”,指的是念诵咒语时的声音振动、以及咒语的内在节奏,可以“夹带/促使”人的 “mind” 进入一种特殊的、疗愈性“氛围 /Vibe”。
[[Keywords]]
Mantra, Sanskrit, Japa, Chant, Vibration, Healing, Protection, Mindfulness,
咒语, 梵语, 持诵, 念诵, 要点, 功效, 振动, 治愈, 保护, 专注, 正念

• 【 参考资料:】
1)What Is a Mantra and How Does It Work?(本文来源)
— https://www.sanskritmantra.com/ article_info.php?articles_id=31
2)The Power of Mantras(扩展文章)
— https://buddhaweekly.com/157/
— https://buddhaweekly.com/mantra-part-2-good-vibrations/

1. Sanskrit’s Unique Sound Vibration
 ——梵语拥有独特的声音振动
    Sanskrit language in particular has been demonstrated to be more predictably impactful on body and mind. Most mantras are Sanskrit. This may be due to the ancient roots of Sanskrit, the mother of all languages (most modern languages evolved from Sanskrit with the exception of indigenous languages of America, Africa and Australia). In part the impact of ancient Sanskrit mantras on our unconscious minds, as suggested by Carl Gustav Jung. Sanskrit is also very rhythmic and, to some extent, mimics nature’s sounds — which have been proven in numerous studies to have a profound impact on our minds. (For example, the call of a loon, or the howl of a wolf evoke specific emotions in humans — primitive memories stored in our subconscious mind).
    “The gist of what they convey is that the universe at the physical and subtle level is composed of fifty vibrations”, writes Thomas Ashley Farrand in Mantra Meditation. “Collectively these vibrations are called the Matrika — the Mother … the spanda (vibrations) that have constructed the universe we inhabit.” Putting aside the spiritual thrust of that statement, it seems clear that Sanskrit contains within it, representative frequencies that can interact with our bodies and minds.
——————
    相比于其他语言,梵语已经被证明对身体和心灵的影响更大,也更有效。世界上的咒语绝大多数都是梵语的。这可能是由于梵语非常古老的根源,可以这样说,古梵语是所有语言之母(除了美洲、非洲和澳大利亚的土著语言外,大多数现代语言都是由古梵语演变而来)。著名心理学家“卡尔·古斯塔夫·荣格” (Carl Gustav Jung) 就曾经指出,古代梵语咒语之所以能够对我们的潜意识造成影响,在一定程度上就证明了这一点。
    此外,梵语还很有节奏感,并且在某种程度上模仿了大自然的声音——这在许多研究中都被证实,它对我们的心灵和潜意识有着深远的影响。举个例子,一只潜鸟(北美一种食鱼大鸟,叫声似笑)的叫声,或者一只狼的嚎叫会唤起人类的特定情绪——那些储存在我们潜意识中的原始记忆。
    托马斯·阿什利·法兰德在《咒语冥想》一书中写道:“它们(咒语)所传达的主旨就是,宇宙在物理和微妙的(有形和无形的)层面上是由 50个基本振动组成的(即 50个梵语字母),这些振动 (spanda) 被称为‘母亲’ (Matrika) ...... 由它们的组合、叠加,构建了我们所生活的宇宙的所有振动。”这句话就表明,梵语中包含了宇宙或大自然中的代表性频率,这些频率可以与我们的身心产生互动。

2. Why the Number 108?
 ——为什么咒语要念诵 108遍?
    According to the Vedic scriptures, our bodies – physical and subtle - contain 72,000 energy channels, which are called Nadis (nāḍi). There are 108 major nadis that meet in the ‘sacred heart’ (hrit padma). By chanting a mantra 108 times the energy permeates the entire body and energy body.
    Sanskrit mantras are your spiritual birth right since they are directly linked to the chakras. Chakras are powerful energy transformers and mantras are energy processing centers in the subtle body along the spine. By working with sound mantras you can activate your secret chakras, which contain the keys to our spiritual progress. The minimum number of repetitions to achieve Mantra Siddhi is generally recognized as 125,000.
——————
    根据印度吠陀经文,我们的身体(包括物质的和微妙的,或有形的和无形的)共有 72,000条“能量通道”,它们被称为 “Nadis (nāḍi)”,而声音或振动就代表在其中流动的“能量”。这其中,最重要的 “Nadi” 有 108条,它们汇聚于人体的“神秘中心” (hrit padma);当念诵咒语 108遍后,可以使每条重要的 “Nadi” 都获得能量,这些能量便顺着这些通道扩散、渗透到人的全身。
   【 * 注:什么是“微妙的”身体?所谓 “微妙的” (subtle) 身体,指的是与“物质的、有形的”身体(肉身)相对的一个概念,可以理解为“无形的、精神性、意识性的”身体。人的意识也是一个复杂的有机体,其中包括了各个器官、腺体、系统或组织的“原始意识”(本能),以及更复杂的“潜意识”、“半意识”,直到最高的、显性的“自我意识”。可以这么说,“意识”并不仅仅是“大脑”的产物,而是整个有机体各个层次“意识叠加”的产物,只不过最终通过“大脑”整合、显现了出来。综上,人的这种“意识性”的有机体,就被称为是“微妙的”身体。 】
    梵语咒语具有与生俱来的精神属性,因为它们与人体的脉轮直接相关。脉轮是“微妙的身体”中沿着脊椎分布的能量转换中心,而咒语声音则是能量,或者“能量处理器”。通过使用咒语的声音能量,可以激活人体的秘密脉轮,这其中就包含了使我们精神取得进步的“钥匙”。在印度,念诵咒语也能获得成就——“Mantra Siddhi”,达到这个成就的念诵次数通常认为不少于 125, 000次。

3. What Is a Mantra and How Does It Work?
 ——什么是咒语?它是怎么发生作用的?
    1) Mantras are energy-based sounds.
     ——咒语是基于能量的声音
    Saying any word produces an actual physical vibration. This is one level of energy basis for words. Another level is intent. The sound is the carrier wave and the intent is overlaid upon the wave form, just as a colored gel influences the appearance and effect of a white light.
——————
    说任何一句话都会产生实际的物理振动,这是语言的能量基础。另一个层次是“意念”。声音是载波,意念叠加在波形上,就像无线电波能传播信息一样。换句话说,咒语的声音产生能量,而“意念”可以让这些能量成形、导向、聚焦,以产生效力。
    因此,欲使咒语发生真正的效力,这两个条件是必不可少的:一是产生正确的、合适的能量(也就是说,咒语发音要准确),二是“意念”的导向性作用(也就是宗教中通常所说的“虔诚”)。
    2) Mantras create thought-energy waves.
     ——咒语是创造意识状态的能量波
    The human consciousness is really a collection of states of consciousness which distributively exist throughout the physical and subtle bodies. Each organ has a primitive consciousness of its own. Then come the various systems. Like the organs, there is a primitive consciousness also associated with each system. Similar functions and states of consciousness exist within the subtle body as well. So individual organ consciousness is overlaid by system consciousness, overlaid again by subtle body counterparts and consciousness, and so ad infinitum.
    The ego assumes a pre-eminent state among the subtle din of random, semi-conscious thoughts which pulse through our organism. And our organism can "pick up" the vibration of other organisms nearby. The result is that there are myriad vibrations riding in and through the subconscious mind at any time.
    Mantras start a powerful vibration which corresponds to both a specific spiritual energy frequency and a state of consciousness in seed form. Over time, the mantra process begins to override all of the other smaller vibrations, which eventually become absorbed by the mantra. After a length of time, the great wave of the mantra stills all other vibrations. Ultimately, the mantra produces a state where the organism vibrates at the rate completely in tune with the energy and spiritual state represented by and contained within the mantra.
    At this point, a change of state occurs in the organism. The organism becomes subtly different. Just as a laser is light which is coherent in a new way, the person who becomes one with the state produced by the mantra is also coherent in a way which did not exist prior to the conscious undertaking of repetition of the mantra.
——————
    人类的意识实际上是一个意识状态的集合,这些状态分布在整个物质的和微妙的身体中。每个器官都有自己的原始意识(本能/振动)。然后是各个系统,与器官一样,每个系统也有自己的原始意识(本能/振动)。类似的功能和意识状态也存在于微妙的(无形的)身体中。然后,单个器官的意识被系统意识所覆盖,系统意识又被“微妙的身体”中对应部分的意识所覆盖。
    所谓的“自我” (ego) ,就是在这一片随机的、嘈杂的意识(振动)海洋中呈现出的一种显性的、微妙的状态,是人体作为一个包含了很多组织、系统、器官的大的有机体所具有的一种独特意识状态,或可称为“半意识”。我们的组织、器官可以“吸收”附近其他组织、器官产生的振动。结果就是,在任何时候都有无数的振动在我们的潜意识中穿行。
    念诵咒语可以开启一个强大的振动,它对应于一个特定的精神能量频率和一个种子形态的意识状态。随着念诵时间的推移,咒语的振动开始逐渐覆盖一些其他较小的振动,这些振动最终会被咒语所吸收。经过一段时间念诵以后,咒语的“巨浪”将会息止所有其他的振动。最终,咒语会产生这样一种状态——即人的整个有机体的振动频率,将会与咒语所包含的能量和意识状态完全一致(共振、谐振)。
    在这个时候,人的整个有机体的状态会发生微妙的变化。正如激光是以一种新的方式相关联的光子一样,与咒语所产生的状态成为一体的人,也在以一种新的方式关联有机体内各个部分的意识状态。
    3) Mantras are tools of power and tools for power.
     ——咒语是用于改变“心智”的有力工具
    The word "mantra" is derived from two Sanskrit words. The first is "manas" or "mind," which provides the "man" syllable. The second syllable is drawn from the word "trai" meaning to "protect" or to "free from." Therefore, the word mantra literally means "to free from the mind." Mantra is a tool used by the mind which eventually frees one from the vagaries of the mind.
    But the journey from mantra to freedom is a wondrous one. The mind expands, deepens and widens and eventually dips into the essence of cosmic existence. On its journey, the mind comes to understand much about the essence of the vibration of things. And knowledge is power. In the case of mantra, this power is tangible and wieldable.
——————
    “Mantra” 一词来源于梵语,由两部分组成:其一,“manas” 代表“头脑、心智” (mind);其二,“trai” 意思为“保护”,或者“消除、清除”。因此,“Mantra” 的字面含义就是:“从头脑中清除(杂念、妄念,等等)”。咒语是一种运用于“心智”的工具,它可以将人从捉摸不定的“心智 /ego”中解放出来。
    从念诵咒语到“从心智中解脱”的过程,是一段奇妙的旅程——心灵扩展、加深、拓宽,最终深入到宇宙存在的本质。在这个旅程中,心灵开始了解事物振动的本质,并认识到知识的力量。咒语的这种(改变心智的)力量是有形的,也是可控的,因此也是安全可靠的。

3. Statements about Mantras
 ——持诵咒语的作用和功效
    A mantra is a meditation technique that helps you to take your mind to quieter, calmer levels of thinking. Mantras are often referred to as vehicles for the mind because with focus on the repetition of a mantra, other thoughts swimming in the mind dissipate and the mind shifts toward mental clarity and stillness.
  1) Mantras have close, approximate one-to-one direct language-based translation.
2) Definitions of mantras are oriented toward either the results of repeating the mantra or of the intentions of the original framers and testers of the mantra.
3) Mantras have been tested and/or verified by their original framers or users.
4) Sanskrit mantras are composed of letters which correspond to certain petals or spokes of chakras in the subtle body.
5) Mantras are energy which can be likened to fire.
  6) Mantra energizes prana.
    "Prana" is a Sanskrit term for a form of life energy which can be transferred from individual to individual. Prana may or may not produce an instant dramatic effect upon transfer. There can be heat or coolness as a result of the transfer.
  7) Mantras eventually quiet the mind.
    At a deep level, subconscious mind is a collective consciousness of all the forms of primitive consciousnesses which exist throughout the physical and subtle bodies. The dedicated use of mantra can dig into subconscious crystallized thoughts stored in the organs and glands and transform these bodily parts into repositories of peace.
——————
    咒语本质上是一种冥想技巧,它可以帮助人们让心灵变得更平和、安静。咒语通常被视作改善心智的有效手段,因为当你专注于念诵咒语的时候,其他在脑海中游动的想法就会消散,头脑会变得更加清晰、敏锐,内心也会变得平静。咒语的作用和功效还有:
  1)咒语中的词具有意义,可以近似性地做一对一的翻译和解读。
2)咒语的目标,要么指向念诵咒语的结果,要么指向咒语最初创立者或修行者的意图。
3)咒语的效力,已经由其最初的创立者或修行者进行了测试和验证。
4)咒语由梵语字母组成,这些字母的发音对应于“微妙身体”中脉轮的某些特征或特质。
5)咒语是可以比作“火”的能量。
  6)咒语可以为“生命活力” (prana) 赋能。
    “Prana” 是一个梵语术语,是表示生命能量的一种形式(“生命活力”,或者“呼吸”)。它可以从一个个体转移到另一个个体,它既能传输“热量”,也能传输“冷静”,转移所产生的效果有时是立竿见影的,但有时也是长期的、缓慢的。
  7)咒语的最终目的,就是使心灵平静下来。
    从深层次来讲,潜意识是所有形式的原始意识的集体意识,这些原始意识存在于物质的和微妙的身体中。使用特定的咒语,可以挖掘或启发我们潜意识中储存或固化在体内各个器官和腺体中的原始意识,并将这些身体部位转化为“和平/宁静”的储藏库。
•  再补充几点个人经验和感受
  8)咒语具有改善人的“心灵和意识状态”的功效,这已经被无数人所验证,我本人也是受益者之一,这一点是”真实不虚的“。
  9)上面已经讲过,欲使咒语发生最佳效力,两个条件缺一不可:一是产生正确的能量(即发音要准确,这是由梵语发音的独特性所决定的,上面已经阐述得很清楚了);二是“意念”的导向性作用。但国内的很多人,尤其是某些佛教徒,过于强调后者的作用而忽略前者,这种观点是错误的。从我个人的经验上来看,前者的重要性要超过后者。
  10)欲使咒语发生长期的、稳固的效力,必须要坚持长期、规律性的持诵,把它变成日常生活的一部分,就像吃饭、睡觉一样,只有这样才能真正达到改变“精神和意识状态”的效果(这就是为什么许多咒语要求念诵几十万、甚至上百万遍的原因)。三天打鱼、两天晒网式的念诵,肯定不会有什效果;希冀有什么方法达成“速效”,那更是痴人说梦。但是,国外有很多研究资料显示,只要你能连续 40天规律性地持诵咒语,就能体验到一些初步的效果。
4.【 部分梵语唱诵资料网站 】
  1. 梵语辞典:
————
1)www.wisdomlib.org
(一个非常棒的“梵语”知识网站,不仅仅是“梵语词典”,还包含巴利语、印地语等语言;对于一个词条的解读,除了通用含义以外,还有其在印度教不同教派、佛教、耆那教,以及医学、建筑等不同领域内的特殊含义的详细说明。)
  2)www.sanskritdictionary.com
(这是比较纯粹的“梵语词典”网站,词法讲解很详细,比如词根、词缀,想查询一个词的关联词、派生词,还是很有用的。)
  2. 梵语咒语唱诵:
————
1)https://www.wildmind.org/ posture(冥想教程、佛教咒语)
2)https://www.insightstate.com/ category/video/(印度教、佛教咒语)
3)https://www.sanskritmantra.com/ articles.php(印度教咒语)
4)https://www.omastrology.com/(脉轮、行星、疗愈性咒语)
5)http://www.healingsound.org/ healingsound/Mantras.aspx?id=0(疗愈性咒语)
6)http://www.healingsound.org/ healingsound/Mudras.aspx?id=0(Mudra、手印)
7)https://www.bhajansandhya.com/(印度教咒语、赞歌)
8)https://www.dhevee.org/(印度教咒语、念诵方法)
  3. 佛教咒语资料:
————
1)https://visiblemantra.org/ mantra.html(金刚乘咒语,梵语“siddham 体”)
2)http://www.vajranatha.com/ teaching/ MahasiddhaTradition.htm(金刚乘教法介绍)
  4. 昆达里尼瑜伽咒语:
————
1)www.spiritvoyage.com/ mantrapedia.aspx(昆达里尼咒语大全)
2)kundaliniyogaschool.org/(昆达里尼瑜伽学院)

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