M1013: Chidananda / Nirvana Shatakam |
☆☆☆☆☆ Chant, for Chidananda |
[[Title_alias]] |
Chidananda, Nirvana Shatakam / 涅槃赞美诗 Atmashtakam, Shivoham Shivoham / 永恒喜乐 |
[[Keywords]] |
Chidananda, Nirvana, Nirvana Shatakam, Atmashtakam, Shivoham, Shiva, Ananda, Bliss, 涅槃, 喜乐, Adi Shankaracharya |
[[Content_list]] |
• “涅槃赞美诗” 文本及翻译 |
• “涅槃赞美诗” 的根本要义 |
• “涅槃赞美诗” 的参考音频 |
[[Mantra_txt]] |
• Chidananda / Nirvana Shatakam |
Chidānanda rupah shivo'ham shivo'ham ... |
Mano buddhi ahamkāra chitta ni nāham Na cha shrotra jihve na cha ghrāna netre | Na cha vyoma bhumir na tejau na vayuh Chidānanda rupah shivo'ham shivo'ham ||1|| |
Na cha prana saugnau na vah pañcha vayuh Na vah sapta dhatur na vah pañcha koshah | Na vak pani-padam na chapastha payuh Chidānanda rupah shivo'ham shivo'ham ||2|| |
Na me dvesha ragau na me lobha mohau Mado naiva me naiva matsarya bhavah | Na dharmo na chartho na kamo na mokshah Chidānanda rupah shivo'ham shivo'ham ||3|| |
Na punyam na papam na saukhyum na dhukham Na mantro na tirtham na vedā na yugyah | Aham bhojanam naiva bhojyam na bhoktah Chidānanda rupah shivo'ham shivo'ham ||4|| |
Na mrutyur na shanka na me jāti bhedah Pitā naiva me naiva mātā na janmah | Na bandhur na mitram gurur naiva shishyah Chidānanda rupah shivo'ham shivo'ham ||5|| |
Aham nirvikalpo nirakāra rupo Vibhur vyapya sarvatra sarvendriyani | Sadā me samatvah na muktir na bandhah Chidānanda rupah shivo'ham shivo'ham ||6|| |
[[Meaning_en]] |
• Chidananda / Nirvana Shatakam |
I am eternal bliss, I am Shiva. |
I am not the mind, intellect, ego nor consciousness. I am not the ears, tongue, nose or eyes. I am not space, earth, fire or wind. I am eternal bliss, I am Shiva. (1) |
I am not breathing power, the seven metals, nor the five coverings. I am not speech, hands, feet, nor the rectum. I am eternal bliss, I am Shiva. (2) |
I am not envy, anger, nor craving nor attraction. I am not arrogance nor pride, nor religion, wealth, lust nor liberation. I am eternal bliss, I am Shiva. (3) |
I am not virtue, sin, joy nor sorrow. I am not mantra, pilgrimage, offering, nor ritual fire. I am not food, the eating, nor the one who eats. I am eternal bliss, I am Shiva. (4) |
I am not death, doubt, nor discrimination of cast. I am not father, mother or birth. I am not brother, nor friend, nor guru, nor aspirant. I am eternal bliss, I am Shiva. (5) |
I am beyond concept, beyond form. I am all-pervading in all the senses. I see equality in all things, I am neither liberated nor in bondage. I am eternal bliss, I am Shiva. (6) |
[[Meaning_cn]] |
我是永恒的喜乐,我是湿婆。 |
我不是思维、智识、自我,也不是意识; 我不是耳、舌、鼻,也不是眼; 我不是空、地、火、风; 我是永恒的喜乐,我是湿婆。(1) |
我不是呼吸的力量,不是七轮,也不是五鞘; 我不是语言、手、脚,也不是肠; 我是永恒的喜乐,我是湿婆。(2) |
我不是嫉妒、愤怒,也不是渴望和吸引力; 我不是自大、骄傲,也不是宗教、财富、欲望或解脱; 我是永恒的喜乐,我是湿婆。(3) |
我不是美德、罪孽、喜悦,也不是悲伤; 我不是赞颂、朝圣、贡品,也不是火祭; 我不是食物、饮食、进食的人; 我是永恒的喜乐,我是湿婆。(4) |
我不是死亡、怀疑,也不是区别; 我不是父亲、母亲,也不是诞生; 我不是兄弟、也不是朋友,不是上师,也不是有志之士; 我是永恒的喜乐,我是湿婆。(5) |
我超越概念,超越形式; 我遍及虚空,无处不在,并视一切平等; 我既没有解脱也不被束缚; 我是永恒的喜乐,我是湿婆。(6) |
[[Glossary]] |
* Chidananda/Cidānanda = cit + ānanda,即意识或智慧的极乐,可译成“永恒的喜乐”; * Nirvana Shatakam/ Nirvāṇāṣṭakam = “Nirvāṇa”:涅槃;“aṣṭakam”:八段赞美诗; * Atmashtakam/Atmāṣṭakam = atma + aṣṭakam = 向自性 (Atma) 献祭,自性之赞美诗; * Shivoham/Shivo'ham = Shiva + aham = “I am Shiva”,我是湿婆,永恒喜乐之神。 |
* aham = “I am”; * jaataah = born; * jaati = circumstances of life to which one is born(人生境遇); * jaati = birth, production; re-birth; the form of existence (as man, animal, etc.) |
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[[Comment_en]] | |
This is a very important chant of Shiva, which is also called “Atmashtakam” or “Nirvana Shatakam”. Written around 788-820 CE by Sri Adi Shankarāchārya, the ancient shlokā or song shivoham summarizes the basic teachings of “Advaita Vedanta” – the Hindu teachings of non-dualism. | |
A story says that when the young Shankara, seeking his guru in Himalayas, encountered a sage who asked him, “who are you?”, the boy answered with these verses which are known as ‘Nirvana Shatakam’. They are actually a declaration of his own direct and intimate experience of the absolute bliss of self-realisation. As such, this is not a text to be explained; they are actually sacred words to be meditated upon and experienced by every sincere seeker. | |
Sadhguru looks at the significance of the "Nirvana Shatakam" chant and explores what is being conveyed through it. — "Nirvana" means "formless". The "Nirvana Shatakam" is towards this – you don’t want to be either this or that. If you don’t want to be this nor that, then what do you want to be? Your mind cannot understand this because your mind always wants to be something. If I say, “I don’t want to be this; I don’t want to be that,” you would think, “Oh something super!” Not super. “Oh, so emptiness?” Not emptiness. “Nothingness?” Not nothingness. That’s what is being conveyed through this chant. | |
• What is "Advaita Vedanta"? | |
Advaita Vedanta is non-dualism or monism, the doctrine that declares that there is but one reality, that the individual Self and the brahman are one. | |
Every human being is unhappy. He is discontented. We all feel that something is missing. We want more. No matter how much we possess, it is never enough. We are afraid to die. We want to live longer, be healthier, look younger and accumulate more wealth. We want to increase our knowledge and awareness. We want to experience more joy and happiness. All these lead to unbearable restlessness. Why? | |
The answer lies in the three statements comprising the wonderful formula given to us by Sri Shankaracharya, the exponent (explainer and clarifier) of Advaita Vedanta. | |
brahma satyam jagan mithya jivo brahmaiva na parah | |
God alone is real. The world is illusory. The individual is none other than god. |
[[Comment_cn]] |
这是关于“湿婆” (Shiva) 的一个非常重要的唱诵,通常被称为 “Shivoham Shivoham”,又被称为 “Atmashtakam”(Atmāṣṭakam,自性赞美诗)或 “Nirvana Shatakam”(Nirvāṇāṣṭakam,涅槃赞美诗)。“Ashatakam/ aṣṭakam” 的意思是“八段赞美诗”,是印度赞歌常用的一种诗体,正文通常由“八段诗文”组成,有的还有其它段落,用来说明赞歌的目的、用途、或者作者信息等等。 |
据信,该诗的作者是生活于公元 8世纪前后的著名哲学家——“Sri Adi Shankaracharya”(商羯罗;“acharya” 的意思是“教授”,“Adi/Aadi” 意为“首席、首要的”;“首席教授”,这是对学者大师“商羯罗”的尊称)。他创立了古印度著名的哲学流派——“不二论吠檀多” (Advaita Vedanta)。该学派的核心思想就是“非二元论”,或者说是“一元论”,也即认为:世界只有一个实相,这个实相就是“梵/神”,而每个人的自我 (Atman, Self) 与“梵/神”是一体的。这首关于“湿婆”的长诗,就集中体现了该学派的核心理念。 |
当代著名上师“萨古鲁” (Sadhguru) 对于这首唱诵曾做过这样的开示:“Nirvana” 的意思是 “无形无相”。“Nirvana Shatakam” 所表达是:你不是这个或者那个。如果你不是这个或者那个,那么你是什么?你的头脑/意识 (mind) 无法理解这一点,因为你总是想成为某种东西。如果我说:“我不想成为这样,也不想变成那样。” 你就会想,“哦,我超越了一切!” 不,没有超越。“哦,那么我是空?” 不,没有空。“那么我是虚无?” 不,没有虚无。这就是这首唱诵所传达的真实涵义——“没有分别”。(这个理念,跟大乘佛教里“空”的概念非常相似。“空”既不是“有/存在”,也不是“无/虚无”,而是“非有非非有”;甚至既不是“空”,也不是“非空”,是没有分别的“一”,“一”就是一切。) |
关于这首赞美诗,故事缘起是这样的:据说,年轻时候的 “Shankara”(“湿婆”别名之一)去喜马拉雅山中修行,有一天他遇到了一位仙人,那位仙人就问他:“你是谁?”于是他就回答了上面唱诵的这些诗句,这些诗句后来就被称为 “Nirvana Shatakam”。这首诗的内容充分说明了“湿婆”的性格和本质:他是冥想、苦修之神,不食人间烟火。他长年居住在他的隐修之所——圣山冈仁波齐山 (Mt. Kailash) 上,冷眼旁观世界。正如歌词唱的,他已经超越了一切分别,是永恒的喜乐。 |
而另一位大神“毗湿奴” (Vishnu) 则不同,他是世界秩序的维护者,经常化身入世拯救世界,正如“罗摩” (Rama) 和“克里希那” (Krishna) 那样。他还有很多化身,分别在不同时间现身拯救世界。尽管在“毗湿奴”看来,整个世界不过是他的一场梦境,一个摩耶大幻(梦境,maya),是虚幻而不真实的,但他还是要积极行动,入世干预。这就好比一个人,特别爱做梦,而每次做梦自己都是梦境的主人。 |
在印度,信奉“湿婆”的教徒与信奉“毗湿奴”的一样多,甚至更多。供奉“湿婆”的庙宇遍布全印度,占庙宇总数的一半以上。“湿婆” (Shiva),又译作“希瓦”,既象征着“昌盛”,同时又象征着“毁灭”,他是印度教三大主神中的“毁灭之神”。他亦正亦邪,具有善恶双重性格:既是毁灭者也是创造者,既是复仇者也是庇护者。他的神力超强,又非常慷慨。任何人,不管是坏人还是好人,只要向他虔诚祈祷,他都会满足他们的愿望,这也是“湿婆”神庙遍布印度的一个重要原因。 |
“湿婆”的造像有很多种,最具有代表性的是“林伽” (Lingha,男性生殖器),象征着再生。庙宇和家庭中供奉湿婆神龛,主要就是供奉“林伽”。传说他在一次苦修一万年后回家,与妻子雪山女神“帕尔瓦蒂” (Parvati) 交媾,一次就长达一千年之久,中间从未间断。“湿婆”的性能力令诸神震惊,“林伽崇拜”由此开始。(其实,“林伽崇拜”另有原因,后面会在介绍《Samba Sadaashiva》时进行详述。) |
[[Related_docs]] |
1) https://isha.sadhguru.org/ in/en/blog/article/nirvana-shatakam-lyrics-meaning 2) https://templesinindiainfo.com/ nirvana-shatakam-lyrics-in-english-with-meaning/ |
[[Related_songs]] |
1)《Chidananda》
🔊音頻試聽 ——Manesh DeMoor / “Om Deeksha” |
2)《Chidananda》(冥想版) ——Deva Premal / “Satsang: A Meditation in Song and Silence” |
3)《Shivoham Shivoham》 ——Sanjeev Abhyankar / “Bhakti by Pt. Sanjeev Abhyankar” |
4)《Chidananda》 ——Brenda McMorrow / “Chidananda” |
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